Tortoises have roamed the Earth for over 55 million years—and some still outlive their owners! These slow-moving reptiles are low-maintenance in many ways but require a long-term commitment and the right setup. Whether you’re a new tortoise owner or planning to get one, this care guide covers everything you need—from choosing the right species to setting up the perfect habitat.
Choosing the Right Tortoise
Pick a species that fits your lifestyle.
Tortoises vary in size, diet, and habitat needs. Popular pet tortoises include Sulcata, Russian, Leopard, Redfoot, and Greek. Some stay small, others grow over two feet long. Before picking based on looks, consider space, care requirements, and your budget.
Buy from a responsible seller.
Always purchase from a reputable breeder or pet store with good reviews. Avoid quick sales from reptile shows. A trustworthy seller offers health guarantees and ongoing support. For endangered species like Mediterranean tortoises, ensure legal ownership with proper CITES certification.
Understand the lifelong commitment.
Tortoises can live 30–100 years. Make sure you’re ready for the responsibility, including future housing or a backup caretaker if you move. Tortoise ownership isn’t short-term—it’s a lifetime bond.
Feeding & Hydration Tips
Feed the right diet.
Diet varies by species, but most tortoises thrive on leafy greens like kale, dandelion, collard, and spring mix. Avoid fruits unless your species tolerates them. Mix in veggies like green beans and broccoli. Ask your vet about calcium and vitamin supplements—especially Vitamin D3 for indoor tortoises.
Provide fresh water daily.
Use a shallow dish sunken into the ground so your tortoise can drink or soak safely. Change water every day to prevent bacteria buildup.
Hydrate hatchlings with soaks.
Baby tortoises need extra hydration. Soak them 2–3 times a week in shallow, lukewarm water—always keeping their heads above water. After soaking, most will drink right away.
Handling & Safety
Handle gently and rarely. Tortoises stress easily. Limit handling and never drop them—damaging their shell can be fatal. Teach kids to admire without touching unless necessary.
Creating the Ideal Tortoise Habitat
Indoor Enclosure Setup
Choose a spacious, escape-proof enclosure.
A baby tortoise needs at least 3 sq. ft. to roam. Avoid glass tanks—tortoises get frustrated by clear walls. Use plastic tubs, cement mixers, or wood-sided enclosures for better results.
Use UV lighting and heat.
Indoor tortoises need UVB light for Vitamin D synthesis and calcium absorption. Use a 100W basking lamp or a mercury-vapor bulb. Keep basking spots at 30–35 °C (86–95 °F) based on species needs.
Pick the right substrate.
Avoid sand. For humid species, use coconut coir, sphagnum moss, or peat moss. For arid species, use dry coir or grass clippings. Keep the substrate clean and pesticide-free.
Outdoor Tortoise Care
Build a secure outdoor pen.
Tortoises need a fenced area with walls they can’t climb or dig under. Bury wire mesh to stop burrowers from escaping. Never leave them out in cold weather—bring them inside below 15 °C (60 °F).
Provide shelter from sun and rain.
Construct a tortoise hut with plywood and soil insulation. Add a heat source in colder climates.
Add safe plants and stimulation.
Plant dandelions, clover, and tortoise-safe grasses. Use small trees for shade and boulders for privacy. A stimulating environment reduces boredom and keeps your tortoise active.
Whether you’re keeping your tortoise indoors, outdoors, or switching with the seasons, proper tortoise care is all about long-term commitment, species-specific needs, and a healthy, enriched environment. Once you get it right, you’ll have a chill, low-drama reptile companion for decades to come.
